Selected questions from the online advisory service, an integral part of the courses we organize. Use the search function or choose a topic from the list.
A1 casein is a type of protein found in certain types of milk (particularly cow's milk). In the body, it...
Acenocoumarol is a medication used to prevent and treat blood clots. It belongs to a group of drugs called anticoagulants,...
Acetyl-glutathione is a special form of glutathione, which is an important antioxidant in the body. Glutathione is a molecule that...
Adaptogens are natural substances that help the body adapt to stress and support the normal functioning of bodily processes. They...
Additives are substances added to food to improve their properties, such as taste, aroma, color, texture, or shelf life. They...
Aerobic activity is a type of physical exercise that increases the heart rate to the level of the anaerobic threshold....
Aflatoxin is a toxic metabolite produced by molds of the genus Aspergillus. It is classified as a class 1 carcinogen,...
An allergen is a substance that can trigger an allergic reaction in sensitive individuals. Allergens can be present in various...
Alcohol (ethanol, ethyl alcohol) is a substance found in alcoholic beverages (beer, wine, spirits). It is a source of empty...
Anabolic processes are biochemical reactions that occur in the body and lead to the growth and regeneration of cells and...
Anticoagulant therapy is a medical procedure used to prevent or treat blood clots. If these clots reach the heart or...
Antifungals are medications intended for the treatment of mycotic (fungal) infections. These can affect various parts of the body, including...
Antinutrients are substances in food that have the ability to reduce the availability, digestion, or utilization of nutrients. They are...
Antioxidants are substances that help protect the body from harmful molecules called free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that...
Peanut butter is a food produced by grinding peanuts. It is a nutritionally rich food, containing monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats,...
Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that plays a crucial role in many biochemical processes in the body. It is...
Ashwagandha, also known as Indian ginseng, is an important herb in Ayurvedic medicine, which is one of the oldest holistic...
Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant that naturally occurs in some marine animals such as salmon, crabs, shrimp, and certain types...
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects an individual's social interaction, communication, and behavior. This disorder typically manifests in early...
Autoimmune diseases are a type of condition where the body's immune system starts attacking its own cells and tissues because...
B complex is a group of eight essential vitamins that play a crucial role in many bodily functions. These vitamins...
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the amount of energy the body consumes in a resting state to maintain basic life...
BCAA stands for Branched-Chain Amino Acids. This group includes three essential amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. They are labeled...
Beta-glucans are natural polysaccharides that are found in a wide range of foods, most notably in cereals, yeast, fungi, and...
A gluten-free diet is an eating plan that entirely excludes gluten, which is a mixture of proteins found in wheat,...
Gluten-free grains include corn, rice, buckwheat, amaranth, quinoa, millet, and teff. For people suffering from celiac disease or gluten sensitivity,...
Proteins are the fundamental building blocks of the body and play a crucial role in many bodily functions. They are...
The term "Organic" refers to organic foods that are grown and processed according to specific rules and standards. These standards...
Bioavailability is a term used in the fields of nutrition and pharmacology, which refers to the extent and rate at...
Bioryhythms are natural cycles that govern our physical, emotional, and intellectual states. These cycles affect our energy levels, mood, performance,...
BMI stands for Body Mass Index, which is a simple and quick way to assess whether an individual's weight is...
Boswellia refers to the tree Boswellia serrata. Its resin is used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic...
Potato starch is a natural polysaccharide obtained from potatoes. It is gluten-free and easily digestible. It has prebiotic effects, meaning...
Potatoes are the tubers of the potato plant. They are a part of the common diet and are used as...
Broccoli is a vegetable rich in fiber, antioxidants, and a variety of vitamins and minerals. It is mentioned as an...
Cruciferous vegetables are a group of plants that includes broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, radishes, and many others. These types of...
Cranberries are small berries rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. In addition, cranberries are known for their beneficial effects on...
Bulgur is parboiled cracked whole grain wheat that is used in the kitchen as a side dish. It is a...
Burčák is a beverage produced from freshly pressed grape must through the process of fermentation. It is rich in vitamins,...
Camu Camu is a tropical fruit that originates from the Amazon rainforests in Peru and Brazil. It is known for...
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten (a protein found in certain grains - rye, oats,...
Whole grain foods are products made using whole grain flour. Whole grain flour is made from all parts of the...
Onion is an allium vegetable widely used in cooking. It typically has a pungent taste. In terms of nutritional properties,...
Citrus fruits are a group of fruits that include oranges, lemons, grapefruits, limes, and tangerines. They are generally known for...
Colostrum is the first milk produced by a mammalian mother after giving birth. It is rich in nutrients and antibodies...
Cordyceps (Chinese caterpillar fungus) is a type of parasitic fungus that grows on the larvae (caterpillars) of the ghost moth....
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that can affect any part of the digestive system from the mouth to...
Sugars are simple carbohydrates that the body quickly absorbs and uses as a source of energy. They are naturally present...
Tea is a beverage with roots in Asia, specifically in China, where it was considered a medicinal plant thousands of...
Chicory syrup is a natural sweetener obtained from the roots of the chicory plant. It is rich in inulin, a...
Black tea is a type of tea that is stronger in flavor and contains more caffeine than other teas, but...
Black garlic is a special type of garlic that undergoes a fermentation process under high temperature and humidity for three...
Fresh sprouts are young plants that develop from the seeds of legumes, grains, vegetables, herbs, and nuts. The sprouting process...
Garlic is one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world, originating from Central Asia. It has been known for...
Lentils are a type of legume that is known worldwide and is a part of many cuisines. They originate from...
Chocolate is a popular food product made from cocoa beans, which are the fruit of the cacao tree. Cocoa beans...
Detoxification is the process of removing toxic substances from the body. It is often used to refer to various diets,...
Detralex is a medication used for the treatment of venous diseases such as varicose veins and hemorrhoids. It helps improve...
Diabetes is a chronic disease caused either by insufficient insulin production (a hormone regulating blood sugar levels) or the body's...
Diet generally refers to a meal plan or eating pattern that an individual follows. It may be designed to support...
Doenjang is a traditional Korean paste made from fermented soybeans. It is an excellent source of protein, fiber, fats, vitamins,...
Dietary supplements are products designed to complement the regular diet with concentrated amounts of nutrients or other substances with nutritional...
"Recommended dose" refers to the amount of a particular substance, such as vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats, or carbohydrates, that a...
Potassium is an essential mineral for the human body, playing a key role in many bodily functions. It is one...
Sodium nitrite (E250) is a substance used as a preservative in the food industry, particularly in meat products. Its main...
Echinacea is a plant native to North America, known for its immunostimulatory effects. It helps strengthen the immune system and...
Ectomorph is one of the three basic body types described by American psychologist William Sheldon. It is characterized by a...
Energy balance indicates the relationship between the amount of energy intake and expenditure. If it is balanced, it is described...
Energy malnutrition is a condition where the body does not receive an adequate amount of energy from the food it...
This refers to the amount of energy the body obtains from consumed foods and beverages. This energy is essential for...
Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions in the body. They are essential for many vital processes, including food...
Erythritol is a low-calorie sweetener found in certain types of fruits and mushrooms. It belongs to the category of polyols...
This is a concentrated form of food—most commonly of plant origin—that contains a high amount of its active ingredients (vitamins,...
Extruded products are foods created through the process of extrusion, which is a production method where raw materials are compressed...
Fasciae are connective tissues that surround muscles and organs. They play a key role in supporting and protecting bodily structures,...
Fermentation is a natural process in which microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts, or molds) convert organic substances into other products (alcohol, acids,...
FODMAP is an acronym for fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols, which are forms of carbohydrates that can be difficult...
Fructooligosaccharides are a type of prebiotics that naturally occur in many types of fruits and vegetables (bananas, onions, garlic, etc.)....
Fructose is a natural sugar found in fruits, vegetables, and honey. It is a simple monosaccharide that the body can...
Fructose intolerance is a metabolic disorder in which the body is unable to properly process fructose (fruit sugar). This condition...
Phytates are organic acids that naturally occur in many plant foods, most notably in grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds. They...
Phytoestrogens are natural compounds of plant origin that structurally resemble human estrogens. They are found in many foods, such as...
Phytochemicals are natural components of plants that have proven health benefits. They are chemical compounds that plants produce naturally to...
"Gainer" is a dietary supplement primarily intended to support weight gain, particularly muscle mass. This product is a rich source...
Ghee butter is made from butter by separating milk proteins and sugars (lactose). It is a pure fat that is...
Gingko biloba is a tree considered to be one of the oldest tree species in the world. Its leaves and...
Glutamate (also referred to as glutamic acid) is a salt of glutamic acid. In the form of sodium salt (monosodium...
Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid that is essential for the proper functioning of the human body. It is the...
Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant that occurs naturally in our body. It is a tripeptide composed of the amino acids...
Glycemic load is a concept that refers to the amount of carbohydrates in a food and the rate at which...
The glycemic index (GI) is a measure that evaluates how quickly and to what extent foods increase blood sugar levels...
Blood glucose is a term used to denote the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Glucose is the main...
Glycated hemoglobin, also known as HbA1c, is a form of hemoglobin that is chemically linked to glucose. It is used...
Gochujang is a traditional Korean spicy sauce. It is traditionally made from red chili powder, sweet rice, fermented soybeans, and...
Goitrogens are substances that can interfere with the function of the thyroid gland. Their consumption can thus lead to the...
Goji are small, bright red berries from the Chinese wolfberry shrub. Originally from Asia, they are rich in certain vitamins...
Guarana is a plant native to the Amazon. It produces fruit rich in caffeine and antioxidant-active substances. It is, among...
Gymnema sylvestre is a tropical plant native to India. Its leaves contain compounds that may help regulate blood sugar levels,...
Heme iron is an organic form of iron found in meat. It is highly bioavailable and is considered the most...
Chamomile is a medicinal plant. It contains compounds that may help reduce the risk of certain types of cancer, support...
Himalayan salt is a type of salt that is mined in the Pakistani part of the Himalayan mountains. It is...
Histamine intolerance is a condition where the body is unable to efficiently break down histamine, a chemical that naturally occurs...
Fasting is the voluntary abstention from food consumption for a certain period. This process may have religious, health, or political...
Oyster mushroom is a type of fungus that is a significant source of beta-glucans. These substances have the ability to...
Homeopathy is a treatment method that was established in the late 18th century by German physician Samuel Hahnemann. Hahnemann developed...
Magnesium is a mineral involved in hundreds of biochemical reactions. It is essential for the proper function of muscles and...
Mushrooms are a traditional part of the diet of many nations. They contain a high water content, virtually no fat,...
Weight loss is the process of reducing body weight, primarily through the reduction of body fat. This process is often...
Hydration is the process by which the body receives and maintains an adequate amount of water for the proper functioning...
Hydrolyzed gelatin is a form of gelatin that has undergone hydrolysis, meaning it has been broken down into smaller parts...
Hydrolyzed collagen is a form of collagen that has undergone the process of hydrolysis, i.e., the breakdown into smaller parts....
Hypofunction of the thyroid gland, referred to as hypothyroidism, is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce sufficient...
Chia seeds from the plant Salvia hispanica, native to Mexico and Guatemala. They are rich in fiber, protein, omega-3 fatty...
Bread is a staple food in many cultures around the world and is an important source of nutrients such as...
Chlorella is a single-celled freshwater algae, a source of various vitamins, minerals, fiber, proteins, and essential fatty acids. Chlorella is...
Cholecystectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the gallbladder. This procedure is usually performed when the gallbladder...
Cholesterol is a type of fat present in every cell of the body and is essential for the normal functioning...
Chondroitin is a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is a component of cartilage. It is an element...
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody produced by the immune system. It plays a key role in the...
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody that plays a key role in the body's immune system. It is...
The immune system is a complex defense mechanism of the body that protects against infections and diseases. It consists of...
Immunosuppressants are medications that suppress or reduce the strength of the body's immune system. They are often used to treat...
An infection is a condition where foreign organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, multiply within the host's body and...
Inulin is a type of soluble fiber found in many plants, most notably in dandelions, onions, garlic, leeks, and Jerusalem...
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas. It plays a key role in regulating blood sugar levels - its...
Ion beverages contain electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, chloride, and other minerals, which help maintain fluid balance in the body....
The liver is one of the most important organs in the human body, playing a key role in many metabolic...
Iodine is an essential trace element necessary for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland and the production of thyroid...
Yogurt is a dairy product that originates from the Balkans and the Middle East. Its production involves the fermentation of...
Caloric balance refers to the ratio between the amount of calories a person consumes and the amount of calories they...
Caloric intake is the amount of energy the body obtains from food and beverages consumed throughout the day. This energy...
Capsaicin is the active ingredient found in chili peppers, responsible for their spicy taste. This compound is known for its...
Carnitine is a substance that plays a key role in energy production by transporting fatty acids into the cellular mitochondria,...
Carotenoids are a group of natural pigments found in plants and animals. They are potent antioxidants that play a key...
Casein is the main protein found in milk and dairy products. It is slowly digestible, thus providing the body with...
Catabolism involves processes in the body that break down complex molecules into simpler ones, resulting in the release of energy....
Coffee is a globally popular beverage known for its stimulating effects. It contains caffeine, which stimulates the nervous system and...
KCl is potassium chloride. In the food industry, it is used as a salt substitute for people who are trying...
Kohlrabi is a type of vegetable. It is a significant source of fiber, which helps support digestive system health and...
Cashew nuts are the fruit of the cashew tree, native to the tropical regions of Brazil. They are a significant...
The ketogenic diet is a nutritional plan focused on the consumption of foods high in fats and minimal in carbohydrates....
Ketone bodies are organic compounds that the body produces as a byproduct when metabolizing fats. This production increases when the...
Kimchi is a traditional Korean dish consisting of pickled and fermented vegetables, most commonly cabbage and radishes, with various seasonings...
Joint nutrition refers to the intake and utilization of nutrients that are essential for the health and proper functioning of...
Coenzyme Q10 is an essential substance that naturally occurs in the body and plays a key role in energy production...
Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that is naturally present in certain foods and beverages such as coffee, tea,...
Breastfeeding is a natural process that provides ideal nutrition for newborns and small children. Breast milk contains the optimal ratio...
Coconut sugar is a natural sweetener derived from the nectar of coconut palm flowers. It is considered a healthier alternative...
Coconut oil is extracted from the flesh of the coconut. It predominantly contains saturated fatty acids with a high proportion...
Collagen is an animal protein, constituting a fundamental building block of the skin, hair, nails, bones, tendons, cartilage, and joints....
Colonoscopy is a medical procedure performed to examine the colon and rectum. This procedure allows for the identification of various...
Cola drinks are a popular type of beverage worldwide. They are usually sweetened and contain caffeine, which increases energy levels...
Kombucha is a fermented beverage made from black or green tea, sugar, and a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast,...
Hemp protein is made from hemp seeds. It is a significant source of essential amino acids and fiber. It contains...
Preservatives are substances added to food to extend its shelf life, enhance appearance, or improve taste. They act against the...
Canned foods are foods that have undergone the preservation process to extend their shelf life and retain their nutritional value....
Spices are an important part of the diet, adding flavor and aroma to food, but they also bring a range...
Root vegetables are a group of plants whose main edible part is the root. This group, which includes carrots, beets,...
Bones are the fundamental building blocks of the human body, providing support and protection for soft tissues and organs. They...
Goat milk is a nutritious source of many important nutrients - proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. It is often considered...
Creatine is a naturally occurring substance found primarily in muscle tissue. It is a key element the body uses to...
Blood pressure is one of the key indicators of an individual's health. It is the force that blood exerts on...
Varicose veins are a medical condition characterized by enlarged and twisted veins, usually in the legs. This condition often results...
Corn is a gluten-free cereal. It is a significant source of many nutrients - fiber, vitamins, and minerals. It contains...
Corn starch is a common ingredient in many foods and is widely used in the food industry as a thickener,...
Turmeric is a spice known for its strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is an integral part of Indian cuisine...
Sourdough bread is considered a healthier alternative to traditional yeast bread. The foundation for its preparation is the sourdough starter,...
Fermented vegetables are vegetables that have undergone the fermentation process, during which naturally occurring bacteria multiply and convert the sugars...
Fermented dairy products are foods that result from the fermentation of milk using bacteria or yeast. These products include yogurt,...
Fermented cabbage, commonly known as sauerkraut, is a traditional dish made by fermenting fresh cabbage. This process occurs in the...
Fermentation is a process in which microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts) break down food components (primarily sugars) and create other products such...
Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance in the human body that plays a key role in maintaining the moisture...
Butyric acid (butyrate) is a fatty acid that plays a key role in overall body health, particularly in gut health....
Lactic acid is an organic acid produced by certain bacteria, yeasts, and molds. In the food industry, lactic acid is...
Uric acid is an organic compound that is produced in the body as the final product of purine metabolism. Normally,...
Lactobacilli are a genus of bacteria that belong to the group of so-called probiotics. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when...
Lactose intolerance is a condition in which the body loses the ability to digest lactose (milk sugar). This condition is...
Lecithin is a fatty substance found in every cell in the body. It is essential for the proper functioning of...
The treatment of candidiasis is a process aimed at eliminating the excessive growth of the yeast Candida in the body....
Medicines are substances or combinations of substances used for the treatment, alleviation, or prevention of diseases and health issues. They...
Gluten is a protein found in certain grains (wheat, barley, oats, and rye). It is a sticky substance that gives...
The liposomal form is a specific method by which substances (vitamins, minerals, or drugs) are encapsulated into small particles called...
Cold-pressed juices are beverages obtained from fruits and vegetables through pressing, a juice extraction method that preserves most of the...
Flaxseed is the small seed of the plant Linum usitatissimum. This plant has been cultivated for thousands of years and...
Flaxseed oil is obtained from flax seeds through cold pressing. It is characterized by a high content of omega-3 fatty...
Salmon is a type of fish known for its high content of quality proteins, healthy fats, and important vitamins and...
"Low carb" is a term used in the field of nutrition and health that refers to a diet or dietary...
Legumes are a group of plants belonging to the Fabaceae family. The most well-known include peas, lentils, beans, soybeans, chickpeas,...
Lysine is an essential amino acid, meaning it is vital for human health, but the body cannot synthesize it. It...
Maca is a root plant native to Peru. It is known for its adaptogenic effects, meaning it helps the body...
Magnesium stearate is a substance commonly used as a filler or anti-caking agent in the food industry and in the...
Poppy seed is the seed of the plant Papaver somniferum. It is rich in essential fatty acids, fiber, proteins, vitamins,...
Macrobotics is a dietary system that focuses on achieving a balance between the body and mind through nutrition. This concept...
Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide commonly used as a food additive. It is produced from plant starches, most commonly from corn,...
Almonds are a type of nut that come from the almond tree, originally from the Middle East and South Asia....
Margarine is a type of vegetable fat produced from vegetable oils (soybean, corn, sunflower, or palm). It serves as an...
Butter is a dairy product made from milk. It is rich in fats and provides a range of nutritional benefits....
Meat-vegetable purees are a dish that combines meat and vegetables. They serve as a foundational diet for young children, functioning...
Fatty acids are the fundamental building blocks of fats. They are essential for numerous bodily functions, including the formation of...
Maté is the term for a product made from the leaves and stems of the yerba maté plant. The plant...
Breast milk is the first natural food for newborns and infants, produced by the mother's body. It is rich in...
MCT oil (medium-chain triglycerides) is a type of fat that is digested and absorbed more quickly than most other types...
Honey is a sweet, viscous fluid produced by bees and some other species of insects from the nectar of flowers....
Menopause is a natural biological process that typically occurs in women between the ages of 45 and 55, marking the...
The menstrual cycle is a natural biological process that occurs in a woman's body every month. It is associated with...
Metabolic syndrome is a collection of metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes....
Metabolism is a collection of chemical reactions that occur in the cells of the body to keep it alive and...
Microbiota is a term used to describe the community of microorganisms that live in a given environment, including the human...
Microorganisms are small unicellular organisms. They include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and some types of algae and molds. In the...
Microwave heating is a process in which food is heated using microwave radiation. Microwave ovens work by emitting microwaves that...
Mineralization in the context of health and nutrition refers to the process by which the body is provided with essential...
Minerals are inorganic substances essential for the proper functioning of the body. They are part of a healthy diet and...
Miso paste is a traditional Japanese food made by fermenting soybeans, salt, and seasoning, often with the addition of rice...
Dairy products are foods made from milk, most commonly from cows, goats, sheep, or buffalo. The most well-known include milk,...
Seaweed are aquatic plants found in seas and oceans. They are a rich source of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and proteins,...
Frozen vegetables are produced by flash freezing to preserve their nutritional value and freshness. This process slows down enzymatic reactions...
Carrot is a root vegetable characterized by its distinct orange color, sweet taste, and high beta-carotene content. It is also...
A multivitamin is a dietary supplement that contains a combination of various vitamins, minerals, and other nutritional substances. These substances...
Bloating is a condition where an excessive amount of gas accumulates in the digestive system, which can cause discomfort, pain,...
Substitute sweeteners are substances used to replace sugar in foods and beverages. They are particularly popular among people who are...
A salt substitute is a product designed to replace regular salt (sodium chloride) in our diet. These substitutes can be...
Soaking is a process often used in the field of health and nutrition, particularly when preparing legumes, grains, and nuts....
A low-fat diet is a dietary plan that limits the intake of fats, particularly saturated fats and cholesterol. This type...
Nutritional values are key information about the nutrient content in foods, which are essential for the proper functioning of our...
Obesity is a chronic health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat, which can negatively impact an individual's health....
Cereals are a fundamental source of energy in the human diet and form an important part of a balanced eating...
A cleansing regimen is a process focused on removing toxins and harmful substances from the body to promote overall health...
Oil is a fundamental component in many diets and is essential for the proper functioning of the body. It contains...
Olive oil is a healthy fat obtained from olives, the fruit of the olive tree. It is rich in monounsaturated...
Omega-3 are essential fatty acids that are crucial for human health, but the body cannot produce them on its own....
Omega-6 is a type of essential fatty acid that the human body cannot produce on its own, so we must...
Nut milks are a plant-based alternative to traditional cow's milk that has become increasingly popular in recent years. They are...
Nut butter is a nutritionally rich food product that is a source of healthy fats, proteins, fiber, vitamins, and minerals....
Nuts are a significant source of many nutrients essential for the human body. They contain high amounts of healthy fats,...
Osteoporosis is a medical condition characterized by the loss of bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue structure, leading to...
Sheep's milk is nutritionally rich and contains higher amounts of vitamins and minerals than cow's or goat's milk. It is...
Oats are among the healthiest grains in the world. They are rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. They contain...
Oatmeal is nutritionally rich and represents an excellent source of energy. It is high in fiber, particularly beta-glucans, which can...
Fruit is a fundamental component of a balanced diet and is a rich source of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants...
Sulfur dioxide is a chemical compound frequently used as a preservative in the food industry, particularly in dried fruits, wine,...
Oxidation is a chemical process that occurs in the body and can lead to the production of free radicals, which...
"Paleo" refers to the Paleolithic diet, which is also known as the diet of prehistoric hunters and gatherers, the Stone...
Brazil nuts are a significant source of many important nutrients, including proteins, fiber, healthy fats, and antioxidants. They are also...
Pasteurization is a heat process used to destroy harmful microorganisms in foods and beverages. This process was named after Louis...
Pepper is a popular spice used worldwide, known for its distinctive flavors and health benefits. It contains a compound called...
Intestinal peristalsis is a process that facilitates the movement of food and waste through the digestive system. It involves the...
Cucumbers pickled in salt, acetic acid, and water, known as pickles, are a popular delicacy worldwide. From a nutritional perspective,...
Fluid intake is a key aspect of a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition. It refers to the amount and quality...
Mold is a type of microorganism that belongs to the group of fungi. Some types of mold are harmless to...
Underweight is a condition where an individual's body weight is lower than normal for their age, height, and gender. It...
Polyphenols are a group of chemical compounds that naturally occur in many plants and are known for their strong antioxidant...
Polyols are a group of sweeteners often used as sugar substitutes in foods and beverages. They are also known as...
Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates composed of long chains of monosaccharides. They are critical components of the diet, providing the body...
The term "portion" in the context of health and nutrition generally refers to the amount of food or drink that...
Food intolerance is a negative reaction of the body to specific foods, which differs from an allergic reaction in that...
Prebiotics are indigestible food components that promote the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria in our gut. They are a...
Prediabetes is a health condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed...
Probiotic cultures are live microorganisms that, when consumed in adequate amounts, provide health benefits to the host. These cultures are...
The production of the hormone ghrelin, often referred to as the "hunger hormone," is crucial for regulating our food intake...
Prolactin is a hormone that is produced in the anterior part of the pituitary gland, a small gland located at...
Protein malnutrition is a condition where the body does not receive an adequate amount of proteins, which are essential for...
A protein shake is a dietary supplement that is rich in proteins, the fundamental building blocks of the body. Proteins...
Intermittent fasting, also known as interval fasting, is an eating pattern that alternates periods of regular food intake with periods...
Psychosomatics is a field that examines the relationship between the psyche and physical health. This term refers to how psychological...
Ptyalin is an enzyme found in human saliva that functions to break down starch into simpler sugars. This process is...
PUFA is an abbreviation for polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are a fundamental type of fat essential for human health. These...
Purines are organic compounds that naturally occur in many foods, but they are also produced by our bodies. They are...
Fasting is the voluntary restriction of food intake or certain types of food for a certain period. From a health...
Coenzyme Q10, also known as Q10, is a naturally occurring substance in the body that plays a key role in...
Tomatoes are a significant source of vitamins and minerals that are essential for the proper functioning of our body. They...
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. There are many types...
Sea buckthorn is a plant known for its distinctly orange fruits. These fruits are rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants,...
A weight reduction diet is a dietary plan designed to help an individual decrease body weight. This type of diet...
Respiratory quotient (RQ) is a value that indicates the type of fuel the body is using for its energy needs....
Resistant starch is a type of starch that behaves in the body similarly to fiber. As the name suggests, it...
RMR, or Resting Metabolic Rate, is a measurement of energy consumption in a resting state. It represents the amount of...
Plant-based beverages are an alternative to traditional dairy products and are made from various types of plants, such as nuts,...
Plant fats are fats that originate from plant sources such as nuts, seeds, vegetables, grains, and fruits. These fats are...
Soluble fiber is a type of digestible fiber that dissolves in water within the body and forms a gel-like substance....
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, specifically the brain and spinal cord....
Fish sauce is a rich source of protein and contains many important minerals and vitamins that are beneficial for human...
Fish oil is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for the human body. These acids are...
Fish are a significant source of high-quality proteins, vitamins, and minerals essential for the proper functioning of the human body....
Rice is a staple food for more than half of the world's population and is one of the most important...
Algae are a significant source of nutrients and are considered one of the healthiest foods in the world. They are...
Canola oil is a nutritionally rich oil obtained from the canola plant. It is considered one of the healthiest options...
Beet sugar is a type of sugar made from sugar beets. It is a refined sugar, which means it undergoes...
Lard is fat obtained from pork, traditionally used in many cuisines around the world. From a nutritional standpoint, lard is...
Carbohydrates are one of the three basic macronutrients that the body needs for its normal functioning and health. They are...
Saponins are a group of chemical compounds naturally occurring in many plants. They are known for their health benefits, including...
Sardines are small, oily fish that are rich in several important nutrients. They are one of the best sources of...
Cinnamon is a popular spice known not only for its distinctive taste and aroma but also for its health benefits....
Sweeteners are substances used to sweeten foods and drinks. There are various types of sweeteners, including natural sweeteners like honey...
Fruit and vegetable peels are often rich in vitamins, minerals, and other important nutrients. For example, apple peel contains more...
Frying is a popular method of food preparation, but it can have a negative impact on our health. During frying,...
A smoothie is a beverage typically made from fruits and vegetables that are blended into a smooth consistency. This drink...
Sodium is an essential mineral for the human body, playing a key role in numerous physiological processes. It is necessary...
Soy is a plant from the legume family, known for its high protein content and other nutrients. It is rich...
Soy products are a source of high-quality plant protein containing all the essential amino acids necessary for human health. They...
Somatotypes are classifications of body types that were originally created in the 1940s by psychologist William Sheldon. Sheldon identified three...
A fat burner is a dietary supplement designed to enhance the body's ability to burn its fat stores. This is...
Spirulina is a blue-green algae considered one of the most nutritious foods in the world. It is rich in proteins,...
Stimulants are substances that enhance activity in the central nervous system and the body as a whole. Examples of stimulants...
Trace elements are minerals required by the body in small amounts but are essential for the proper functioning of many...
Digestibility is a term used in the field of nutrition and health, referring to the body's ability to break down...
Stress is a natural response of the body to external stimuli that provoke a sense of threat or discomfort. The...
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The intestines are a key component of our digestive system, playing a crucial role in the process of digestion and...
The gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem composed of trillions of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, that reside...
Sucralose is an artificial sweetener that is 600 times sweeter than sugar. It is a low-calorie alternative to sugar, often...
Salt, chemically known as sodium chloride, is an essential nutritional element that plays a key role in many bodily functions....
Supplementation in the context of health and nutrition refers to the process of adding vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients to...
Dried fruit is nutritionally rich and contains high amounts of fiber, vitamins, and minerals. It is an excellent source of...
Dried sourdough starter is a product made by fermenting grains or other foods with naturally occurring yeasts and bacteria. This...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome, also known as IBS, is a chronic intestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation....
Leaky gut syndrome, also known as increased intestinal permeability, is a condition in which the intestinal barrier becomes porous, allowing...
Whey protein is a high-quality protein found in dairy products. It is rich in essential amino acids, which are necessary...
Rennet is a natural enzyme used in cheese production to thicken and coagulate milk. This enzyme is obtained from the...
Starches are complex carbohydrates found in many foods such as grains, legumes, vegetables, and some fruits. They are one of...
Spinach is a highly nutritious vegetable that is rich in vitamins and minerals. It is particularly rich in vitamin A,...
The thyroid gland is a small butterfly-shaped organ located at the front of the neck. This gland produces hormones that...
Tapioca starch is a gluten-free product derived from the root of the cassava plant, widely used in culinary arts and...
Pregnancy is a period when a woman carries one or more developing offspring in her body, usually from conception until...
Tempeh is a traditional Indonesian food product made by fermenting soybeans. It is rich in protein, fiber, and various vitamins...
The small intestine is a key component of the digestive system, playing a crucial role in the process of digestion...
The colon is a key component of the digestive system, playing a crucial role in the absorption of water and...
Tofu, also known as soybean curd, is a significant source of protein, especially for those who follow a vegetarian or...
Digestive enzymes are biological molecules that the body produces to break down food into smaller, easily digestible and absorbable components....
Triglycerides are a type of fat (lipid) found in the blood. When you eat, your body converts any calories it...
Thrombosis is a medical condition where a blood clot (thrombus) forms in the bloodstream, which can lead to partial or...
Tannins are a group of chemical compounds that naturally occur in many plants, including fruits, vegetables, herbs, nuts, and seeds....
Fats are one of the main macronutrients that the body needs for its proper functioning. They are essential for the...
Hard cheeses are a significant source of protein, calcium, and phosphorus, which are essential for bone and dental health. They...
Artificial milks, also known as plant-based milks, are an alternative to traditional cow's milk. They are made from various plant...
A stress fracture is a type of bone fracture caused by repetitive stress or overload, rather than a single impact...
Processed meats are a popular part of many people's diets due to their taste and convenience. However, from a health...
Egg proteins are one of the purest and most effective sources of protein you can include in your diet. They...
Calcium is an essential mineral that is indispensable for the health and proper functioning of the human body. It is...
The vasodilatory effect is a process in which blood vessels widen, allowing for increased blood flow. This effect is crucial...
Veganism is a dietary and lifestyle choice that completely eliminates the consumption of any animal-derived products. This includes meat, dairy...
Vegetarianism is a dietary style that excludes the consumption of meat and fish. Some vegetarians also choose to avoid eggs,...
The vegetative nervous system, also known as the autonomic nervous system, is a part of the nervous system that regulates...
Eggs are a significant source of high-quality protein, which is essential for various bodily functions, including tissue growth and repair....
Vitamin A is an essential vitamin necessary for a variety of bodily functions, including eye health, immune system function, and...
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is an important nutrient that plays a key role in many bodily functions. It...
Vitamin B9, also known as folic acid, is one of the eight B vitamins. It plays a key role in...
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential vitamin that plays a key role in many bodily functions....
Vitamin D is an essential vitamin that plays a key role in many bodily functions, particularly in maintaining bone health...
Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that plays a key role in protecting the body's cells from damage caused by...
Vitamin K is an essential vitamin that plays a key role in several important bodily functions. It is necessary for...
Vitamins are organic compounds essential for the proper functioning of the body and the maintenance of health. They are essential...
Fiber is an essential component of a healthy diet, contributing to overall health and well-being. It is a type of...
Flakes are a healthy and nutritious addition to a daily diet. They are rich in fiber, which supports digestive health...
Water is a fundamental component of the human body and plays a crucial role in its functioning. An adult human...
Bioavailability in the context of health and nutrition refers to the body's ability to utilize and absorb nutrients from consumed...
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a chronic medical condition characterized by elevated blood pressure in the vessels....
Xylitol is a natural sweetener found in some plants, including fruits, vegetables, and hardwood trees. It is a five-carbon sugar...
Constipation is a condition where the stool is hard and dry, and its passage through the intestines is difficult and...
Urinary tract inflammation, also known as a urinary tract infection (UTI), is a condition where bacteria enter the urinary tract...
Inflammation is the body's response to tissue damage, infection, or irritation. These are complex biological processes that involve many cellular...
Negative energy balance means that the body expends more energy than it takes in through food and drinks. This state...
Introducing complementary foods is an important step in every child's life, which usually occurs between the ages of 4 to...
Green coffee is a type of coffee obtained from unroasted coffee beans. This type of coffee is rich in antioxidants...
Green foods refer to foods that are rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making them healthy for our bodies. This...
Vegetables are fundamental building blocks of a healthy and balanced diet. They are rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants,...
Vegetable side dishes are an important part of a balanced diet that supports health and nutrition. They are rich in...
Green tea is known for its numerous health benefits, primarily due to its high antioxidant content. Antioxidants are substances that...
Cabbage is an excellent source of vitamins and minerals essential for a healthy life. It is rich in vitamins C,...
Iron is an essential mineral necessary for various bodily functions. It is a key component in the production of hemoglobin,...
Ginseng is a plant known for its medicinal effects and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has adaptogenic...
Venous disease is a term that refers to various conditions affecting blood circulation in the veins. These conditions can include...
Animal foods are a source of many important nutrients essential for the proper functioning of the human body. These nutrients...
Gallstones are solid crystals that can form in the gallbladder, a small organ beneath the liver that stores bile produced...
Questions answered by
Mgr. Martin Jelinek
Lecturer and author of the educational system
Nutrition educator, lecturer, and author of the educational system and the ZOF learning application.
Mgr. Martin Jelínek has been systematically involved in nutrition education since 1999. He is the founder of ATAC, the educational company behind NutriCourses, and the author of an educational system focused on nutrition, healthy lifestyle, and the practical application of nutrition knowledge.
He graduated from the Faculty of Science at Masaryk University in Brno. Throughout his professional career, he has combined nutrition, education, and the practical application of acquired knowledge. His educational system also includes the ZOF (Zone of Optimal Functioning) learning application, where students turn theory into practical work with meal plans.
In 2007, he launched the first intake of a six-month course focused on the education of nutrition advisors. Over time, this course became the foundation for the further development of the educational system and a range of specialised courses.