In general, sweetening is not necessary or even advisable, even if low-calorie sweeteners are used. The body does not need added sugars/sweeteners; these substances primarily serve to satisfy the perception of sweet taste. If you are looking for a suitable sweetener that also caters to the needs of intestinal probiotic microbiota, sources of inulin (e.g., chicory syrup) appear to be the most suitable—they contain a low amount of energy, are sweet, and primarily act as prebiotics.
Considering the potential burden of sweeteners on various systems in the body, inulin sources (e.g., chicory syrup) are the most favorable, as they are essentially concentrated soluble fiber (prebiotic) with minimal energy and almost no impact on insulin production. When selecting a suitable sweetener, always consider its taste first (there's no point in consuming something long-term if you don't like it), then its effect on blood sugar levels, its energy content, and finally its impact on oral and gut microbiota (a sweetener might have either a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effect). If the sweetener contains sugars, it is advisable to monitor the amount consumed in relation to recommended doses (e.g., an excess of fructose has been shown to promote non-alcoholic fatty liver disease).
Added sugar in fruit products primarily serves as a preservative, thereby extending the product's shelf life. On its own, it does not significantly affect the loss of vitamins; this occurs due to gradual oxidation caused by the extended expiration. At the same time, be aware that increased sugar intake influences acid-base processes towards acid-forming effects, which involves heightened activity of pathogenic microorganisms that increase the consumption of vitamins.
Current recommendations from the WHO regarding sugar intake aim for a maximum of 90 g per day, with 50 g being added sugars, and there is consideration to reduce this amount to 25 g. When assessing the quality of nutrition, it is important to distinguish between naturally occurring sugars in foods and those added during processing. The fact is that fruits and fruit products (juices, compotes, jams, etc.) are the richest sources of naturally occurring sugars, so it is advisable to monitor the proportion of this food group in the diet. The same applies to the category of foods with added sugars, where there is a significantly higher risk of excess. This is one of the many meaningful examples and essentially a reason why it pays to monitor the nutritional quality of food, as numbers can sometimes speak clearly.
25 g of added sugars per day may initially seem like a low limit, but when converted, this amounts to 6 sugar cubes, which, when visualized in this way, takes on a different dimension than an abstract value. You are correct in stating that reaching this limit is not easy, especially in the long term. On the other hand, it is necessary to realize that this is a dietary component that we actually do not need and that does not benefit our health. This topic should lead to reflection on how strictly we will monitor the proportion of natural and industrially processed foods in our diet.
Questions answered by
Mgr. Martin Jelinek
Lecturer and author of the educational system
Nutrition educator, lecturer, and author of the educational system and the ZOF learning application.
Mgr. Martin Jelínek has been systematically involved in nutrition education since 1999. He is the founder of ATAC, the educational company behind NutriCourses, and the author of an educational system focused on nutrition, healthy lifestyle, and the practical application of nutrition knowledge.
He graduated from the Faculty of Science at Masaryk University in Brno. Throughout his professional career, he has combined nutrition, education, and the practical application of acquired knowledge. His educational system also includes the ZOF (Zone of Optimal Functioning) learning application, where students turn theory into practical work with meal plans.
In 2007, he launched the first intake of a six-month course focused on the education of nutrition advisors. Over time, this course became the foundation for the further development of the educational system and a range of specialised courses.