Author: Mgr. Martin Jelínek
Expertise: nutrition, education in nutrition
Last expert review: September 3, 2024
Hemorrhoids are enlarged varicose veins at the entrance to the rectum or directly in the rectum. They develop in more than 50 percent of people, though many are unaware of it. They usually cause discomfort when they become inflamed and enlarged, in such cases leading to:
- bleeding during bowel movements,
- itching, pain and swelling in the anal area,
- feelings of fullness.
The primary cause of hemorrhoids is straining and tension during bowel movements, which exert excessive pressure on the veins in the rectum. Other possible causes include being overweight and pregnancy. The overall condition can also be worsened by constipation and diarrhea. Long-term sitting or standing and a lack of fiber in the diet contribute to the development of hemorrhoids. The occurrence of hemorrhoids is more frequent in older people because the muscles that help propel blood through veins lose tension with age.
There are two types of hemorrhoids:
1. Internal.
They form inside the rectum. Occasionally, they cause bleeding during bowel movements, but they are mostly asymptomatic.
2. External.
They encircle the entrance to the rectum. They can be painful, but they often disappear on their own.
An important prevention against the development of hemorrhoids is regular physical activity, which strengthens the muscles surrounding veins and simultaneously supports normal bowel movements in the intestines.
In the diet, it is necessary to control the intake of fiber, especially its soluble component. It is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs a larger amount of water, leading to an increase in the volume of stool and its simultaneous softening.
Furthermore, it is advisable to increase the intake of certain antioxidants, as they contribute to strengthening the firmness and elasticity of vein walls. The most commonly presented are carotenes and vitamin C in combination with bioflavonoids.
For the healing of injured (open) hemorrhoids, supportive supplementation of zinc and vitamin E is recommended.
Mgr. Martin Jelínek
Founder of NutriCourses, lecturer and author of the educational system in the field of nutrition. He has been systematically engaged in nutrition education since 1999. He is the author of the educational application ZOF and professional publications focused on nutrition and a healthy lifestyle.